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Researchers have found that the natural compound berberine effectively fights cancer cells in in vitro trials.
As lung cancer is widely recognised as the leading cause of cancer death for men and women, the global scientific community continues to make immense efforts towards finding ways to treat the disease.
Scientists have found a sign of hope, however. A study that looks at berberine, a natural compound found in plants such as barberry and goldenseal, concludes that this herbal treatment can have a suppressive effect on lung cancer.
The study finds that in in vitro trials, berberine “suppresses the proliferation of lung cancer cells in the lab, new research shows. It also reduces airway inflammation and damage to healthy lung cells exposed to chemicals from cigarette smoke,” a news release notes.
In 2020, an estimated 1,796,144 people died worldwide from lung cancer, according to cancer.net.
“Berberine has shown therapeutic benefits for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We were keen to explore its potential in suppressing lung cancer and reducing inflammation,” says lead researcher Dr Kamal Dua, a senior lecturer in Pharmacy at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) in Australia.
The study exploring the effect of berberine on non-small cell lung cancer was published in the journal Pharmaceutics. Dua and his colleagues have found that “berberine exhibits potent anticancer activity, suppressing cancer cell growth in vitro,” the news release explains.
The way berberine works to fight cancer was determined by measuring the mRNA levels of tumour-associated genes and protein expression levels. The study discovered that the natural compound boosts tumour suppressor genes and lowers proteins involved in cancer cell migration and proliferation.
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Berberine regulates PADI4-related macrophage function to prevent lung cancer
June 25, 2022
Abstract
Coptis chinensis Franch (CCF) has been widely used by Chinese old herbalist doctor to treat internal and external diseases including malignant sore and cancer. Berberine (BBR) is a major bioactive compound in CCF and may exert anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects like CCF. However, the prevention effect of berberine against lung cancer and its relevance of anti-inflammation property to cancer-preventing effect are still obscure. Protein arginine deaminase 4 (PAD4) played an important role in macrophage related inflammatory response, the purpose of this study was to identify whether berberine can prevent lung cancer and explore its effect on PADI4-related macrophage function. In vitro, PADI4 overexpression affects cell-activated state in macrophages. PADI4 overexpressed macrophages promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 lung cancer cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. Berberine at the experiment dose had no effect on cell viability of U937-derived macrophages, but could significantly inhibit PADI4 expression to reverse the macrophage-activated state and the lung cancer -promoting effect of PADI4-overexpressed macrophages. Unlike GSK484, berberine had a little effect on the PADI4 citrullination activity at the experimental doses, its IC50 for PADI4 inhibition is 45.07 μM (44.03-46.12 μM). In the mouse lung carcinogenetic model, PADI4 expression was directly related to the number of lung nodules. Berberine had the similar role to GSK484 in reducing the number of lung tumor nodules with the improved lung pathology in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited PADI4 expression. Further, we found that PADI4 overexpression could inhibit IRF5 expression, up-regulate CD163 and CD206 and down-regulate CD86 in macrophages, which could be reversed by berberine. Our results suggest that berberine may regulate PADI4-related macrophage function to prevent lung cancer.
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