T-Cell studien

Angående forskningsrapporten jag nämnde i föregående inlägg (T-Cell) har jag kommit över en förhandskopia (pdf) till den snart publicerade studien.Jag säger njae,tveksamt om man kan kalla det en studie om T-Celler.Förvisso handlar det om kroppens immunförsvar där T-Celler har en viktig roll,men ändå njae.Jag har klippt ur delarna där man nämner T-Cell.Ladda ner pdf,en och bedöm själva vad ni tror. 

Suppression of the growth and metastasis of mouse melanoma by Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti tapeworms

Abstract 

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death, with an estimated 19.3 million new cases every year. Our paper presents the tumor-suppressing effect of Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti on B16F10 melanoma, the intraperitoneal application of which followed the experimental infection with these tapeworms, resulting in varying degrees of effectiveness in two strains of mice. In the case of M. corti-infected ICR mice, a strong tumor growth suppression occurred, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the formation of distant metastases in the liver and lung. Tapeworm-infected C57BL/6J mice also showed a suppression of tumor growth and, in addition, the overall survival of infected C57BL/6J mice was significantly improved. Experiments with potential cross-reaction of melanoma and tapeworm antigens with respective specific antibodies, restimulation of spleen 
T cells, or the direct effect of tapeworm excretory-secretory products on melanoma cells in vitro could not explain the phenomenon. However, infections with T. crassiceps and M. corti increased the number of leukocytes possibly involved in anti-tumor immunity in the peritoneal cavity of both ICR and C57BL/6J mice. This study unveils the complex interplay between tapeworm infections, immune responses, and melanoma progression, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the mechanisms driving observed tumor-suppressive effects.

 In the first two weeks after infection, there is an increase in CD8+ T cells and NK cells.

Therefore, the tumor suppressing effect is probably not mediated by splenocytes or T cells reacting to potentially shared tapeworm-melanoma antigens. Flow cytometry analysis of peritoneal cavity immune cells revealed a significant increase in leukocytes associated with anti-tumor immunity in infected mice. For example, NK cells are an important part of cancer immunotherapy (Salagianni et al. 2012) and were shown to promote protection against melanoma liver metastasis in C57BL/6J mice (Foerster et al. 2017). They are proposed as a possible effector in tapeworm-mediated tumor suppression in E. granulosus infections (Berriel et al. 2021). The numbers of NK cells were elevated in both T. crassiceps- and M. corti-infected mice, mainly in the ICR strain. The CD8+ T cell population was also increased in infected mice and could contribute to tumor growth suppression. These population patterns of particular immune cells do not entirely align with the observed levels of melanoma suppression in different mouse strains. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry of tumors isolated from the peritoneal cavity of infected mice also did not show any NK or CD8+ T cell infiltrates, nonetheless, it is possible that the effect is only capable of destroying solitary cells. The amount of injected cells might overwhelm the immune system, allowing some to escape, develop immune evasion and form tumors, which are more difficult to destroy due to the presence of immunosuppressive cells (Munn and Bronte 2016). It could also mean, however, that other cells are responsible for the effect.

Methods (urval)

2.12.2 Proliferation: The kinetic measurement of cell growth was performed using holographic microscopy. B16F10 cells were seeded in 96-well plates (Lumox multiwell, Sarstedt; 5,000 cells per well). The next day, ESP fractions (final concentration 50 µg/ml) in complete medium (DMEM supplemented with 10 % FBS and antibiotics) were prepared from stock solutions and added to the cells (170 µL per well). A complete medium without ESP was used as a positive control, and two concentrations of Vincristine (VCR) were used as negative controls. The wells were covered with HoloLid (PHI AB). Cell count measurement was performed on a HoloMonitor microscope (PHI AB) using App Suite Imaging Software (PHI AB). Each time point in each condition represents the mean of cell counts of four positions. Two independent experiments were performed.

3.5 Cytotoxicity of ESPs To explore the possible direct effect of ESPs on cancer cells, we analyzed their effect on B16F10 melanoma cell proliferation, migration in 2D, and the ability of B16F10 cells to degrade extracellular matrix. The cytotoxicity of ESPs was tested by an endpoint assay (Alamar Blue assay) and a holographic microscopy-based kinetic assay.

På den positiva sidan,oavsett om det är en studie om T-Celler,är att forskarna är nya användare av HoloMonitor så det ser ut som vi fått en ny kund. Charles University, Prague, Prague, Czechia finns inte upptagna på PHI`s User list.

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