Angående fertilitetsproblematik hade jag inte behövt gå så långt med grävspaden.
"Våra" svenska forskare Zahra El-Schich, Sofia Kamlund, Birgit Janicke, Kersti Alm & Anette Gjörloff Wingren har berört detta område samt att de även levererar en brasklapp som heter duga i sammanhanget.
På PHI,s hemsida hittar vi under Centers/Malmoe publikationen
Holography: The Usefulness of Digital Holographic Microscopy for Clinical Diagnostics
Där hittar vi under kapitel 4 :Clinical applications
Lately, DH
microscopy is being developed for clinical applications in widely
different areas of medicine such as transmembrane water flux, cancer
screening, sperm motility, blood cell analysis, and inflammation.
4.3. Sperm analysis
DH
has been used to characterize sperm cells, supplying data for both
morphology, motility, and the concentration of the sperm cells, without
affecting the sperm reviewed in Ref. [43].
The morphology of the sperm head has often been correlated with the
outcome of in vitro fertilization and has been shown to be the sole
parameter in semen of value in predicting the success of
intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intracytoplasmic morphologically
selected sperm injection [44, 45].
Indeed, DH microscopy generates useful information on the dimensions
and structure of human sperm, not revealed by conventional
phase-contrast microscopy, in particular the volume of vacuoles. This
suggests its use as an additional prognostic tool in assisted
reproduction technology to better underline the differences between
normal and abnormal sperm morphology.
Och för att understryka mitt tidigare inlägg angående de italienska forskarnas upptäckter har ett samarbete mellan Harvard,USA och italienska institut mynnat ut i denna publication :
Unlabeled Semen Analysis by Means of the Holographic Imaging
Published: March 22, 2017
Ur den kan vi läsa
1. Introduction
Following the advent of human in vitro fertilization,
much attention has been given to understand both the spermatozoa
morphological alterations and the kinematics/dynamics of the swimming
spermatozoa.
In fact, semen analysis is commonly employed both in human and in the
zoo-technic field. In the first case, the analysis is mainly applied to
study the couple’s infertility or to confirm success of male
sterilization procedures. Moreover, several studies have shown that for
infertile men, the risk for developing a testicular cancer is slightly
higher-than-average. So, independently of the will to have children,
male fertility is a good indicator for general health. On the other
hand, in the zoo-technic field, animal semen analysis is commonly used
in animal production laboratories and reproductive toxicology.
The main requirements for the development of techniques used for an accurate semen analysis are the following:
- avoid any alteration of the health of the spermatozoa under test;
- use a label-free approach to eliminate all adverse effects of the probe labeling;
- obtain results independent on the technician’s experience and/or the laboratory environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, and duration).
So
this chapter tries to summarize the state-of-art on the semen analysis
and recent achievements obtained by a holographic imaging.
We will show that the unique potentialities of the holographic imaging
have been used to provide structural information on both the morphology
and the motility of sperm cells.
Moreover, the combination of the holographic technique with others
approaches, such as the Raman spectroscopy, will be described, too. In
fact, spermatozoa from infertile men could present a variety of
alterations (such as alterations of chromatin organization, aneuploidy, and DNA fragmentation)
that can decrease reproductive capacity of men.
Current methods of DNA
assessment are mainly based on fluorescence microscopy, and thus samples
are unusable after the analysis.
Therefore, the ability to simultaneously analyze, in a nondestructive
and noninvasive way, both the morphology and biochemical functionalities
of the spermatozoa could bring greater understandings.
Thus, the chapter will allow a bird’s-eye view into the potentiality of
the semen analysis performed by means of the holographic imaging,
showing that this approach is extremely important for the
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure, where it is highly
required the development of a method that allows characterizing and
directly select the best spermatozoon to inject into the oocytes.
Figure 3.
Pseudo
3D representation of the thickness of a spermatozoon with: (a) a
cytoplasmatic droplet along the tail; (b) a bent tail; (c) an acrosome
broken. Ref. [33] (by permission of IEEE Society).
6. Conclusion
In
this chapter, an overview of the recent achievements in holography
imaging applied to both morphological and motility characterizations of
sperm cells has been reported.
Results obtained by means of digital
holography have demonstrated the possibility to provide 3D information
on both the morphology and motility of sperm cells; this information
could be used to better emphasize the differences between normal and
abnormal sperm morphology.
Moreover, the DH approach is a noninvasive
technique, allowing the analysis of live spermatozoa, such as 3D
tracking of the spatial motion, in order to select normal sperm cells.
In particular, the possibility offered by digital holography to add the
third dimension in the sperm analysis will give information useful both
to relate the sperm anomalies with male infertility and to enable
differentiation of the spermatozoa in good health. Finally, DH can be
easily combined with other techniques allowing different simultaneous
characterization. Indeed, it was demonstrated that a promising optical
approach, based on digital holography and Raman spectroscopy
technologies can be used for the quality assessment of spermatozoa.
Applying this combined approach for analyzing the sperm cells,
high-resolution images, and Raman spectra have been obtained, clearly
highlighting some morphological and biochemical alterations. In
particular, DH and Raman spectroscopy simultaneous approach was used for
studying the photodamage induced by visible green light in the
spermatozoa structure.
Min kommentar
Våra svenska forskare bekräftar de facto att Digitala Holografiska Mikroskop "is being developed" för kliniskt användande.Denna info är av allra högsta magnitud.
Vi får förhandsinformation som kommer påverka PHI,s värdering i hög grad.
Nu öppnas en marknad vi tidigare inte räknat in.Många har utgått ifrån att PHI,s Holomonitor enbart är riktad mot forskarmarknaden, 120 000 labb + större forskningsbolags egna labb.
Med denna nya info är det dax att börja räkna in hur många kliniker som kan vara addresserbara för tekniken.
"Våra" forskare nämner 5 olika områden där Holomonitorn är lämplig för kliniskt användande.
5 x hur många kliniker världen runt är det vi ska ta sikte på.
Ska vi gissa och spekulera i att marknaden plötsligt dubblerades? Eller räcker det?
Jag lägger för övrigt till en 6e kliniktyp, veterinärmedicinska.
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